The Rhogam shot can be administered into either a vein or a muscle. Most commonly, the shot is given in the buttocks or arm. All women with Rh negative blood are advised to receive...Acamprosate should only be taken under the care and direction of a physician. Disulfiram (Antabuse®). Therapeutic Effects. When people drink alcohol, their ...Check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach, pale stools, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or yellow eyes or skin. Metronidazole may cause dry mouth, an unpleasant or sharp metallic taste, and a change in taste sensation. For temporary relief of dry mouth, use sugarless candy or gum, melt ...Vivitrol is a once-monthly injection brand-name version of naltrexone that works by inhibiting the high that people experience when they drink alcohol. Naltrexone is also available as a tablet in the generic form. ... The third FDA-approved medication for treating AUD is Antabuse (disulfiram). This drug does not target cravings but assists in ...Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc. Aversion therapy is a behavioral therapy technique to reduce unwanted behavior. It pairs the stimulus that can cause deviant behavior (such as an alcoholic drink or cigarette) with some unpleasant (aversive) stimulus, such as an electric shock or nausea-inducing drug. With repeated presentations, the two stimuli become ...Gabapentin. Reduce heavy-drinking days. 300 mg on day 1; add 300 mg per day (i.e., day 2: 600 mg; day 3: 900 mg), titrating to final dosing regimen. Titrate up to maximum of 3,600 mg per day ...Mild-to-Moderate Risks of Drinking on Antabuse. Antabuse works by causing a “disulfiram-like reaction” if a person ingests alcohol after taking it. This serves as a deterrent to drinking. Common Antabuse/alcohol reactions include the following: [1] Sweating. Headaches. Flushing. Nausea. Dizziness.... injection known by the brand name Vivitrol), and disulfiram (known by the brand name Antabuse) ... disulfiram and acamprosate, disulfiram and naltrexone, and ...took disulfiram (Antabuse) within the past 14 days; have Cockayne Syndrome (a rare genetic disorder that affects growth and development). ... Metronidazole injection. The injection is given as an infusion into a vein. A healthcare provider will give you the injection if you are unable to take the medicine by mouth. Dosing informationMar 1, 2018 · I never knew that Antabuse had any sexual side effects, until now. This is a concern to me. Drowsiness, tiredness, tingling in my feet, are further side effects. So, in a sense, Antabuse is similar to many other drugs. It works for some, not for others, and some can't take it at all. And like standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, it acts as a poison. • Compared to Antabuse (oral disulfiram), the compounded injection allows for a unique depot effect based on pharmacokinetic properties such as allowing for a continuous uniform flow of drug into the bloodstream. Bioavailability is …Jun 16, 2023 ... More than 60 years ago, disulfiram (DSF) was employed for the management of alcohol addiction. This promising cancer therapeutic agent ...Additionally, a few reports exist regarding interferon β-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with MS, also resolving with cessation of treatment. Additionally, focal neuropathy at interferon β injection sites for MS has been reported, specifically in the radial nerve distribution, again resolving in months after cessation .Antabuse [DSC] Warning Do not take this drug for at least 12 hours after drinking alcohol or taking drugs that have alcohol in them. Do not take this drug if you are intoxicated. What is this drug used for? It is used to help you stop drinking alcohol. It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor. ® Disulfiram 1/91. Taken daily; 2. Do not take within 12 hours of ingesting alcohol; 3.Do not drink alcohol during or for 14 days following Antabuse therapy; 4. Check all medications for alcohol as an ingredient; 5. Use caution when operating vehicles or performing tasks with dangerous equipment; 5. Report signs of hepatotoxicity.Naltrexone injection (Vivitrol) The injected form of this medication produces the same results as the oral version: It blocks the feel-good response …Disulfiram Side Effects. There are several benefits to taking disulfiram in the treatment of alcohol use disorder, but taking the medication, even as directed, can have side effects. Antabuse side effects vary from person to person, but some of the most commonly noted minor side effects include: Drowsiness. Acne or skin rashes.Abstract. Cancer incidence is rising and this global challenge is further exacerbated by tumour resistance to available medicines. A promising approach to meet the need for improved cancer treatment is drug repurposing. Here we highlight the potential for repurposing disulfiram (also known by the trade name Antabuse), an old alcohol-aversion ...The Rhogam shot can be administered into either a vein or a muscle. Most commonly, the shot is given in the buttocks or arm. All women with Rh negative blood are advised to receive...Feb 9, 2020 · Antabuse: 250 mg. Antabuse: 500 mg [scored] Generic: 250 mg, 500 mg. Pharmacology Mechanism of Action. Disulfiram is a thiuram derivative which blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage. When taken concomitantly with alcohol, there is an increase in serum acetaldehyde levels. Jan 22, 2024 · Less common or rare. Decreased sexual ability in males. headache. metallic or garlic -like taste in mouth. skin rash. unusual tiredness. What is Disulfiram used for? Alcohol use disorder. How Disulfiram works. Disulfiram is an alcohol antagonist. It works by stopping a protein in your …Antabuse or DSF serves as a great example of this approach. DSF has been repurposed as a potential anticancer drug due to its unique properties of known profile in human body, low-cost, little side effects and high selectivity against different cancers and synergistic activity with other drugs.It causes effects such as flushing of the face, headache, nausea, blurred vision, mental confusion etc., when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed. Disulfiram 250mg Tablet starts working from the very first dose and is a very safe and effective way of treating alcohol addiction. Avoid taking foods containing alcohol like mouthwash, cough ...Feb 27, 2020 · Its effects are psychological. Disulfiram and Antabuse are used to discourage alcohol consumption. The drugs cause adverse reactions, such as sweating, chest pain and nausea, when consumed with alcohol. People who take disulfiram don’t want to experience those unpleasant reactions, so they are inclined not to drink. Moderation or abstinence are treatment options if you're: regularly drinking more than 14 units a week. experiencing health problems directly related to alcohol. unable to function without alcohol (alcohol dependency) Cutting alcohol out completely will have a greater health benefit. However, moderation is often a more realistic goal, …Alcohol withdrawal causes physical and emotional symptoms like shaking, sweating, headache, nausea, agitation, irritability, and anxiety. The timeline for alcohol withdrawal varies. Symptoms can begin a few hours or a few days after you stop drinking. Heavy drinkers—defined as 15 or more drinks a week for males and eight or more drinks …Disulfiram (Antabuse) - patient information sheet. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is a medication used to treat alcohol dependence. When people are taking disulfiram drink alcohol, they develop a reaction and become unwell. DownloadDrug Name Generic Name : disulfiram Brand Name: Antabuse Classification: Antialcoholic drug, Enzyme inhibitor Pregnancy Category C Dosage & Route Available forms : Tablets—250 mg. BLACK BOX WARNING: Never administer to an intoxicated patient or without patient’s knowledge. Do not administer until patient has abstained from alcohol …Antabuse was the only approved medication option for alcohol use disorder until the 1990s. Disulfiram continues to have a loyal following in Denmark, and remains available in many treatment programs. It is an admittedly harsh way of getting yourself to quit alcohol, but evidence suggests it can still be an effective …Vivitrol (naltrexone) is a prescription drug used to treat alcohol dependence and prevent opioid dependence. Vivitrol is given as an injection. Learn about side effects and more.... injection known by the brand name Vivitrol), and disulfiram (known by the brand name Antabuse) ... disulfiram and acamprosate, disulfiram and naltrexone, and ...It allows you to familiarize yourself with the most reliable and relevant information concerning disulfiram (antabuse) treatment. The main goal of our team ...Long-acting preparations can be classified variously-depending on the type of formulation used, such as depot injections, implants, patches; depending on …Disulfiram. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is a prescription medication that can help prevent a return to alcohol use after an individual has stopped drinking ...These three alcohol medications come in pill form, and naltrexone also comes in injectable form. Brand-name medications that are safe and effective for treating alcoholism include: Antabuse (disulfiram oral) Campral (acamprosate oral) Vivitrol (naltrexone injection) Revia (naltrexone oral) Other drugs, such as Topamax …• Compared to Antabuse (oral disulfiram), the compounded injection allows for a unique depot effect based on pharmacokinetic properties such as allowing for a continuous uniform flow of drug into the bloodstream. Bioavailability is …Disulfiram is a supportive treatment option that acts as a deterrent from drinking alcohol and is available as a generic formulation as well as the Antabuse brand. When you drink alcohol, it is changed in the body into acetaldehyde, Disulfiram blocks the enzyme which breaks down acetaldehyde. This leads to an increased …Acamprosate is available as a tablet and is usually taken 3 times a day. Naltrexone is available as a tablet and as an intramuscular (IM) injection, called Vivitrol. The tablet is usually taken once daily. The injection is given every 4 weeks by a healthcare provider. People with severe kidney problems should avoid acamprosate.Feb 27, 2020 · Its effects are psychological. Disulfiram and Antabuse are used to discourage alcohol consumption. The drugs cause adverse reactions, such as sweating, chest pain and nausea, when consumed with alcohol. People who take disulfiram don’t want to experience those unpleasant reactions, so they are inclined not to drink. Naltrexone injection is used to help narcotic dependents who have stopped taking narcotics to stay drug-free. It is also used to help alcoholics stay alcohol-free. The medicine is not a cure for addiction. It is used as part of an overall program that may include counseling, attending support group meetings, and other treatment recommended by ...2.1 Introduction. This chapter aims to provide a basic overview of the clinical pharmacology and mechanism of action of disulfiram as it has been understood over the past seven decades. The chapter is aimed at clinical utility rather than just pharmacological details, and all facets of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and mechanism of ...The half life of Antabuse is 60-120 hours and up to 20% of a single dose may remain in the body for a week or more. Antabuse starts to affect ethanol metabolism within 1-2 hours after administration. Following …disulfiram: [noun] a compound C10H20N2S4 that causes a severe physiological reaction to alcohol and is used especially in the treatment of alcoholism.1. Taken daily; 2. Do not take within 12 hours of ingesting alcohol; 3.Do not drink alcohol during or for 14 days following Antabuse therapy; 4. Check all medications for alcohol as an ingredient; 5. Use caution when operating vehicles or performing tasks with dangerous equipment; 5. Report signs of hepatotoxicity.May reduce the feeling of intoxication and the desire to drink more, but it will not cause a severe physical response to drinking. Disulfiram (Antabuse), Oral ...Palpacuer C, Duprez R, Huneau A, et al. Pharmacologically controlled drinking in the treatment of alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorders: a systematic review with direct and network meta-analyses on nalmefene, naltrexone, acamprosate, baclofen and topiramate. Addiction 2018; 113:220. Gual A, He Y, … free’ wines and beers may contain enough alcohol to cause an Antabuse ®-alcohol reaction. You should avoid taking these while you are also taking Antabuse ®. If you stop taking Antabuse ® you should wait at least 1 week before drinking alcohol. The unpleasant physical reactions with alcohol may occur for up to 3 weeks after your last dose ... Ce médicament diminue la dépendance à l'alcool. Il provoque des troubles pénibles lors de la prise d'alcool (effet antabuse) : bouffées de chaleur, nausées, ...Mild-to-Moderate Risks of Drinking on Antabuse. Antabuse works by causing a “disulfiram-like reaction” if a person ingests alcohol after taking it. This serves as a deterrent to drinking. Common Antabuse/alcohol reactions include the following: [1] Sweating. Headaches. Flushing. Nausea. Dizziness. To overcome this problem, long-acting preparations have been developed with the aim of reducing the frequency of use and hence improving adherence. This review takes a broad overview of the long-acting preparations available for the management of substance use disorders. The pharmacology, advantages and disadvantages of these preparations are ... Feb 7, 2024 · Disulfiram, also known by the brand name Antabuse, is a medication used in the treatment of alcohol use disorders by producing unpleasant side effects and sensitivity to alcohol. It is designed as a deterrent to drinking. When alcohol enters the body, it is converted into acetaldehyde and then into acetic acid. Jan 6, 2020 ... Targeting malignancies with disulfiram (Antabuse): multidrug resistance, angiogenesis, and proteasome. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011;11:332 ...Metronidazole injection comes as a solution and is infused (injected slowly) intravenously (into a vein). It is usually infused over a period of 30 minutes to 1 hour every 6 hours. ... (Antabuse). Your doctor will probably tell you not to use metronidazole injection if you are taking this medication or have taken it within the last 2 weeks.Acamprosate and naltrexone. PBS listed for 'alcohol dependence, with a goal of abstinence in a comprehensive treatment program'. can prescribe one month's supply and one repeat at a time; there is no limit on duration of treatment. acamprosate is effective at maintaining abstinence, but has less impact on relapse to heavy drinking once alcohol ...Disulfiram. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is a prescription medication that can help prevent a return to alcohol use after an individual has stopped drinking ...II. The Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Superfamily of Enzymes. The human ALDH superfamily comprises 19 known NAD(P +)-dependent enzymes that irreversibly catalyze the oxidation of both endogenously and exogenously produced aldehydes to their respective carboxylic acids (Fig. 1).In 1998, a gene nomenclature based on peptide sequence identity was instituted …Disulfiram is an drug used to treat alcoholism. If a patient drinks alcohol on the drug, he or she will experience side effects like vomiting, seating, throbbing headache, confusion, and shortness of breath; removing the urge to drink. Common side effects of disulfiram include drowsiness, tiredness, headache, acne, metallic …Antabuse tablet, Teva, 250 mg, bottle, 100 count, NDC 00093-5035-01 - discontinued; Antabuse tablet, Teva, 500 mg, bottle, 100 count, NDC 00093-5036-01 - discontinued; Reason for the Shortage. Alvogen has disulfiram tablets available. They are the sole supplier of disulfiram tablets.Disulfiram (), známý též pod svým obchodním názvem Antabus, je lék používaný v léčbě závislosti na alkoholu.Novější onkologický výzkum se věnuje jeho účinkům jako možného léku proti rakovině a připravuje se jeho testování při léčbě časných příznaků onemocnění covid-19. Problém s disulfiramem, popsaný blíže v sekci o léčbě rakoviny, je ten, že ...May reduce the feeling of intoxication and the desire to drink more, but it will not cause a severe physical response to drinking. Disulfiram (Antabuse), Oral ...What is Antabuse? Antabuse/Antabus is a brand name for a drug known as disulfiram. It works by interfering with the usual way the body metabolises alcohol. If ...One 380 mg injection, monthly: Two 333 mg tablets, 3× daily: ... In 1951 disulfiram (Antabuse; now in generic formulations) was the first drug approved for the treatment of AUD by the FDA. Pharmacologically, disulfiram inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. Even small amounts of alcohol can cause acetaldehyde to quickly …Injecting air into a muscle, which lies beneath the skin, is generally harmless, according to HealthTap.com. However, when administering drugs, such as insulin for diabetes, inject... You should consult your health care professional before taking any drug, changing your diet, or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. This medication is used along with counseling and support to treat alcoholism. Disulfiram works by blocking the processing of alcohol in the body. Thi. Usual Adult Dose for Alcohol Dependence. Initial dose: 500 mg orally once a day (this dose is generally continued for the first 1 to 2 weeks) Maintenance dose: 250 mg orally once a day (range: 125 mg to 500 mg once a day) Maximum dose: 500 mg once a day. Duration of therapy: Depending on the individual, therapy may last months or even …Acamprosate should only be taken under the care and direction of a physician. Disulfiram (Antabuse®). Therapeutic Effects. When people drink alcohol, their ...Naltrexone is an alternative to Antabuse employed in managing alcohol dependence. It operates by blocking opioid receptors in the brain, decreasing the pleasure derived from alcohol consumption. This mechanism of action reduces cravings and the desire to drink. Unlike Antabuse, Naltrexone does not cause aversive effects when …Aug 20, 2023 · Brand name: Antabuse. Dosage form: oral tablet. Drug class: Drugs used in alcohol dependence. Medically reviewed by Carmen Pope, BPharm. Last updated on Aug 20, 2023. Uses. Warnings. Before taking. Side effects. Dosage. Interactions. What is disulfiram? We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients who had cephalosporin induced disulfiram-like reaction (CIDLR). The patients who had a negative skin test to cephalosporin prior to intravenous antibiotics were included, and those who were allergic to either alcohol or antibiotics were excluded. The average age of 78 patients was 37.8±12.2 (21–60) years.Jan 6, 2020 ... Targeting malignancies with disulfiram (Antabuse): multidrug resistance, angiogenesis, and proteasome. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011;11:332 ...Disulfiram (also known as Antabuse, DSF), which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1951 as a drug to treat alcoholism, has been widely used in the clinic for over 60 years without severe side effects [].As an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), DSF inhibits all the currently identified cytosolic and …Antabuse stops a person's body from breaking down the ethanol in alcoholic beverages: anyone who takes the drug and still drinks alcohol gets ill from the very first sip, resulting in headaches, nausea and even vomiting. Though unsavoury, the treatment is an effective means of blocking consumption.Sep 1, 2023 ... ... injection. In addition, disulfiram (Antabuse), which is used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder, also has some anti-craving effects.Meta-analyses used random-effects models. Numbers needed to treat were calculated for medications with at least moderate strength of evidence for benefit. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was alcohol consumption. Secondary outcomes were motor vehicle crashes, injuries, quality of life, function, mortality, and harms.Naltrexone. Acamprosate. Disulfiram. Pathologic alcohol use affects more than 2 billion people and accounts for nearly 6% of all deaths worldwide. There are three medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): disulfiram, naltrexone (oral and long-acting injectable), and aca ….Sep 20, 2023 · Initial Dosage Schedule. In the first phase of treatment, a maximum of 500 mg daily is given in a single dose for one to two weeks. Although usually taken in the morning, disulfiram may be taken on retiring by patients who experience a sedative effect. Alternatively, to minimize, or eliminate, the sedative effect, dosage may be adjusted downward. Nov 15, 2021 ... How is naltrexone different from Antabuse? Antabuse is a medication that causes you to get sick when you consume alcohol. Antabuse acts as a ...Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption. Disulfiram plus …Pathologic alcohol use affects more than 2 billion people and accounts for nearly 6% of all deaths worldwide. There are three medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): disulfiram, naltrexone (oral and long-acting injectable), and …The Rhogam shot can be administered into either a vein or a muscle. Most commonly, the shot is given in the buttocks or arm. All women with Rh negative blood are advised to receive...Dec 9, 2020 ... Initialement, Antabuse, ou Disulfiram, comme on l'appelle également, n'était disponible que sous forme de pilule. Ce médicament est l'une des ...... injection known by the brand name Vivitrol), and disulfiram (known by the brand name Antabuse) ... disulfiram and acamprosate, disulfiram and naltrexone, and ...Feb 9, 2020 · Antabuse: 250 mg. Antabuse: 500 mg [scored] Generic: 250 mg, 500 mg. Pharmacology Mechanism of Action. Disulfiram is a thiuram derivative which blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage. When taken concomitantly with alcohol, there is an increase in serum acetaldehyde levels. Antabuse tablets contain the active ingredient disulfiram, which is a type of medicine called an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor. It is prescribed to recovering alcoholics to help them abstain ...Antabuse, or disulfiram, and naltrexone are common medications used to treat alcohol use disorders. Both have been shown to improve outcomes in people who want to stop drinking. As with many forms of treatment, what works best depends on your situation. ... However, you can also take naltrexone in the form of a Vivitrol injection, …No. Antabuse is not a “magic pill” that cures alcoholism. Addiction, in any form, is an incurable and progressive disease that requires intervention, treatment, and lifestyle changes in order to best manage the symptoms. The good news is that Antabuse can keep you from drinking – protecting your physical …Sep 5, 2017 · Antabuse is a medication that prevents the abuse of alcohol by deterring ALL use. It blocks how alcohol is broken down by the body. Under normal circumstances, the body metabolizes alcohol into acetaldehyde, the toxin that causes painful hangovers, before further oxidizing the acetaldehyde into harmless acetic acid.
Disulfiram (also known as Antabuse, DSF), which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1951 as a drug to treat alcoholism, has been widely used in the clinic for over 60 years without severe side effects [].As an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), DSF inhibits all the currently identified cytosolic and …. Spanish learning app
Key takeaways: We don’t know exactly how long disulfiram stays in your system. But its effects can last for up to 2 weeks. Disulfiram works by causing a negative reaction when you drink alcohol. You shouldn’t have any alcohol for at least 12 hours before taking disulfiram. Disulfiram is generally well tolerated.It is sometimes called "near beer" or "low-alcohol beer" as U.S. law allows companies to label their products as non-alcoholic if they contain less than 0.5% alcohol. Only products labeled "alcohol free" truly contain no alcohol. Antabuse is designed to cause anyone who drinks alcohol while taking this drug severe discomfort. Email or text this coupon to yourself. $ 69.38. Retail price: $ 115.04. Show this coupon at the pharmacy. BIN. 015995. PCN. There is evidence that pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence is underused. 2. Alcohol use disorders can range from mild to severe. Pharmacotherapy is generally used for people with more severe disease. In Australia, there are three drugs currently approved − oral naltrexone, acamprosate and disulfiram.Jan 12, 2024 · Naltrexone is a FDA-approved prescription alcohol treatment medication used to treat AUD and opioid use disorder. 1, 5 It comes in pill form or in an extended-release form that is injected into the muscle. 1, 5 For people with AUD, pills are taken daily or injections are given monthly. 1, 6. Studies have shown that naltrexone is effective at ... The typical oral naltrexone dosage is 50 mg daily, with a range of 50 mg to 150 mg; the injectable dosage range is 150 mg to 400 mg IM every 4 weeks. 9. This guideline also recommends against the use of naltrexone in acute hepatitis, hepatic failure, and those using opioids. 9 The APA advises that naltrexone may be prescribed in … Disulfiram was the first medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic alcohol dependence. In its pure state, disulfiram is a white to off-white, odorless, almost tasteless powder, which is soluble in water and alcohol. Disulfiram, an alcohol-aversive or alcohol-sensitizing agent, causes an acutely toxic physical reaction when mixed with alcohol ... Nov 3, 2020 ... What are Antabuse implants and how do they work? How many types of implants exist? Disulfiram implants; Naltrexone implants. Can an implant for ...Foods that use alcohol for a showy flambé, Baked Alaska or other flaming dishes retain 75 percent of their alcohol content, according to the website. One-half glass of wine or one-half a shot of hard liquor can trigger an …Hear from Ria Health Psychiatrist Dr Paul Linde on how Antabuse (disulfiram) works for treating alcohol addiction, and the alternatives that exist today.Lear...Gentamicin Injection is available in the following strength and pack sizes: 80 mg/2 mL x 10 ampoules. 80 mg/2 mL x 50 ampoules. AUST R 11376. This leaflet was prepared in August 2023. Download PDF ...We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients who had cephalosporin induced disulfiram-like reaction (CIDLR). The patients who had a negative skin test to cephalosporin prior to intravenous antibiotics were included, and those who were allergic to either alcohol or antibiotics were excluded. The average age of 78 patients was 37.8±12.2 (21–60) years.Metronidazole injection comes as a solution and is infused (injected slowly) intravenously (into a vein). It is usually infused over a period of 30 minutes to 1 hour every 6 hours. ... (Antabuse). Your doctor will probably tell you not to use metronidazole injection if you are taking this medication or have taken it within the last 2 weeks.The anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram (Antabuse), which is an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, induces an aversive reaction to alcohol consumption and thereby helps patients reduce alcohol intake. Recent clinical trials, initiated to investigate whether disulfiram could be used to treat individuals who abuse both alcohol and cocaine, have ....